Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, progressive demyelinating disease of the brain caused by the JC virus (JCV). It occurs when the virus reactivates in individuals with weakened immune systems, typically those with HIV/AIDS, certain cancers, or who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. PML leads to damage to the brain’s white matter, causing a range of neurological symptoms.
Key aspects of PML:
Cause:
PML is caused by the JC virus (JCV), a polyomavirus that is common in the general population but typically remains dormant.
Risk Factors:
Individuals with weakened immune systems are at increased risk, including those with HIV/AIDS, certain cancers, and those taking immunosuppressant medications.
Symptoms:
PML can cause a variety of neurological symptoms, including weakness, clumsiness, vision problems, speech difficulties, and personality changes.
Diagnosis:
PML is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical presentation, brain MRI, and laboratory tests to detect the JC virus.